A Battery Management System (BMS) is any electronic device that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by monitoring its state, calculating secondary data, reporting those data, protecting it, controlling its environment, and / or balancing it. A BMS may monitor the state of the battery as represented by various items, such as: * Voltage: total voltage, voltage of periodic taps, or voltages of individual cells * Temperature: average temperature, air intake temperature, air output temperature, or temperatures of individual cells * State Of Charge (SOC) or Depth Of Discharge (DOD): to indicate the charge level of the battery * State Of Health (SOH), a variously-defined measurement of the overall condition of the battery * Air flow: for air cooled batteries * Current: current in or out of the battery